Monday 10 August 2015

Character Handling Library

Last time we wrapped up the topic of Pointers and Strings , today we will have a look at <cctype> which is a very important and useful library in C++.

Character Handling Library or <cctype> is a library in C++
–        It has functions to perform tests and manipulations on characters
–       You pass character as argument
•          Character represented by an int
–        char does not allow negative values
•          Characters often manipulated as ints
•          EOF usually has value -1
•   In the upcoming example you will witness the usage of:
–        isalpha( int c )
•          (All character functions take int argument)
•          Returns true if c is a letter (A-Z, a-z)
•          Returns false otherwise
–        isdigit
•          Returns true if digit (0-9)
–        isalnum
•          Returns true if letter or digit (A-Z, a-z, 0-9)
–        isxdigit
•          Returns true if hexadecimal digit (A-F, a-f, 0-9)
  



Some other functions of the character handling Library are:
        islower

          Returns true if lowercase letter (a-z)
        isupper
          Returns true if uppercase letter (A-Z)
        tolower
          If passed uppercase letter, returns lowercase letter
        A to a
          Otherwise, returns original argument
        toupper
          As above, but turns lowercase letter to uppercase
        a to A
        isspace
          Returns true if space ' ', form feed '\f', newline '\n', carriage return '\r', horizontal tab '\t', vertical tab '\v'
        iscntrl
          Returns true if control character, such as tabs, form feed, alert ('\a'), backspace('\b'), carriage return, newline
        ispunct
          Returns true if printing character other than space, digit, or letter
          $ # ( ) [ ] { } ; : %, etc.
        isprint
          Returns true if character can be displayed (including space)
        isgraph
          Returns true if character can be displayed, not including space

 Some of these are better explained through there usage in the following example:




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